THE HISTORY OF THE POLICE ORGANIZATION

The need of living in a society for people is older than and prior to the need of freedom.Societies could have continued to exist without freedom, but they could not have succeeded this without having an order and a safe condition .The societies who have orgarized as a state, providing an order and a safe condition to a society is the most important object of the state.This object of the state, together with the need of national security is as old as the state itself.The history of police started with the history of Turks.The Turks who have established many states throughout history have performed public order and security together with national security.

After the abolution of Yeniçeri Ocagi, even if services of security had improved to a great extent in both the capital of the Ottoman Empire and its cities, it continued to be dependent ** upon many offices and people.For the sake of organisation and to remove this complication in application, organisation with the name of "POLIS" established at the date of April the 10 th, 1845, the duties of the newly established police organisation are staded in "Polis Nizamnamesi"which was published at the same dat and foreign embassies were informed about this event, too.The source of Polis Nizamnamesi which has not been known till today is stated that Polis Nizamnamesi was constructed on the basis of the text " PARIS EMNIYET MÜDÜRÜNÜN GÖREVLERINI DÜZENLEYEN KARARNAME "

**Inspite of the newly established organisation with the nane of "polis"and the changes brought about by Polis Nizamnamesi which was announced to foreign embassies and had 17 clauses, the complications could not be removed until the establisment of Zaptiye Nezareti at the date of 1879.By organising first in Istanbul and its periphery, Zaptiye Nezareti performed security affairs.Then, all the institutions country wide were administred by Zaptiye Nezareti in one center.Zaptiye Nezareti, which performed all the duties and **jurisdictions of today's Emniyet Genel Müdürlügü was abolished in 1909.

Even after 1867 and 1879, the police organisation established an 1845 developed and enlarged continiously by means of arrangements in the years 1881-1886-1898 and 1907.After that the first Polis Nizamnamesi was published at the date of April 19 th, 1907.The most prominent feature of Polis Nizamnamesi which satisfied all the needs of the police organisation properly in all aspects and consisted of 167 clauses is that the clauses it had was constructed without influence of foreign effects.

From the date of 1918 when the Mondros agreement was signed to the date of June 24 th, 1920, Polis Nizamnamesi served as the police of state of Ottoman.From the date of June 24 th, 1920 to the date of February 24 th, 1923 when Istanbul Polis Müdüriyeti Umumiyesi was abolished, the police organisation was divided two.The centre of first one was Istanbul and it functioned only in Istanbul.It was contingent on the Ottoman state and its area of funtioning narrowed continously during the Independence war.The centre of the other one was Ankara.It functioned in a continously enlarging area consisting of the boundaries of Misak-i Milli except Istanbul.In Istanbul, the organisation of Ottoman Police, which was under the command of padishah and his government, was forced to work under the pressure and wants of invaders enemy forces.

Invaders appointed their own police to the invaded areas, and in the existing ottoman Police organisation, they made minorities, Armeniars and Rums be dominant groups.Despite all the pressure and interest promises, some Turkish polices objected to serve for foreigners.Hence, they were exiled to Malta.Instead of these polices, foreigners appointed people who would serve for them.Since they could notfind adaquate* number of people, some of these policies stayed in their places, and they struggled to send information about the invasion to Ankara in as self-sacrifing manner.

The Independence war and the Republic are the products of the work of our Great Leader Atatürk, his friend and all of the citizens who had believed him and struggled for this aim.Definitely, there had been people who had not belived victory together with people who had believed it.